Home Multi-Country Search About Admin Login
Cenozoic
Mesozoic
Paleozoic
Neoproterozoic
Mesoproterozoic
Paleoproterozoic

Search by
Select Region(s) to search
Hold Ctrl (Windows/Linux) or Command (Mac) to select multiple
Garbyang Formation
Click to display on map of the Ancient World at:
Garbyang Fm base reconstruction

Garbyang Fm

Period: 
Ordovician

Age Interval: 
Middle Ordovician (?? Ma)


Province: 
NW Himalaya Kumaun-Garhwal Tethyan Himalaya

Type Locality and Naming

Named after Garbyang village in Kali Valley, Pithoragarh district, Uttarakhand. [Original Publication: Shah, S.K., Sinha, A.K., 1974. Stratigraphy and tectonics of the Tethyan zone in a part of western Kumaon Himalaya. Himalayan Geology 14, 1-27.]

Synonyms: Heim and Gansser, 1939 “Garbyang Series”; Shah and Shina, 1974 “Garbyang Formation”

[Figure 1: Location of the Kumaun-Garhwal region (from Celerier et al., GSA Bull 2009)]

[Figure 2: Geologic map of the Kumaun-Garhwal region (from Celerier et al., GSA Bull 2009)]


Lithology and Thickness

Calcareous shale. Comprised of phyllite, limestone, shale succession. >3000m thick. Thickness increases towards SE direction.


Lithology Pattern: 
Continental marl


Relationships and Distribution

Lower contact

Conformably overlies the Ralam Fm with a gradational contact.

Upper contact

Conformably overlain by the Shiala Fm with gradational contact. Upper boundary is marked at the base of crinoidal limestone of Shiala Fm.

Regional extent

Kumaun to Garhwal regions


GeoJSON

{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"MultiPolygon","coordinates":[[[[78.73,31.7],[78.26,31.55],[77.84,31.52],[77.46,31.22],[77.11,31],[77.45,30.5],[78.13,30.46],[78.45,30.08],[78.96,29.85],[79.47,29.63],[79.85,29.06],[80.21,29.3],[80.41,29.85],[80.77,30.13],[80.59,30.43],[79.71,30.8],[79.11,31.3],[78.71,31.44],[78.73,31.7]]]]}}

Fossils

Gastropods: Eccliopteris kushanensis; Crinoidal limestone; fragments of trilobite; Lingulids Brachiopods; Trace fossils are Scoyenia; Phycodes; Cruziana; Rusophycus; Isopodichnus; Gyrochorte; Scolicia; Lennea (Tandon and Bhatia, 1978); Raunultia (Kumar et al., 1987). Trilobites: Cherirurus mitis; ? Calymene sp.; Pareleloma sp. Gastropods: Raphistoma himalaicum; Liospira sp.; Ecculiomphalus kushanensis.


Age 

Middle Ordovician? [In contrast, Kumar'85: 2 km thick succession of calcareous shales that was assigned a Cambrian age on the basis of the flat gastropods recovered.]

Age Span: 

    Beginning stage: 
Dapingian

    Fraction up in beginning stage: 
0.0

    Beginning date (Ma): 
471.26

    Ending stage: 
Darriwilian

    Fraction up in the ending stage: 
1.0

    Ending date (Ma):  
458.18

Depositional setting

Not available.


Depositional pattern:  


Additional Information


Compiler:  

Birendra Singh & O.N. Bhargava.